Productivity and Competitiveness Indicators 2006-2016
Highlights (2007 – 2016)
1. Introduction
This issue of the Economic and Social Indicators presents Productivity and Competitiveness Indicators for the years 2006 to 2016 for the total economy, the manufacturing sector and Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE).
2. Output
During the period 2007 to 2016, the Gross Value Added (GVA) in real terms grew by an annual average of 3.8%. During the same period, the real output of the Manufacturing sector grew at a lower rate of 1.8% per annum and that of Export Oriented Enterprises (EOE) increased at an annual rate of 0.5%.
3. Labour input (employment) and labour productivity
From 2007 to 2016, labour input for the whole economy grew by an average of 1.3% annually, while that for the manufacturing sector and EOE declined by 1.5% and 2.4% respectively. Labour productivity, as measured by real output per person engaged, grew by an average of 2.5% annually for the whole economy. Higher growths of 3.3% and 3.0% were registered in Manufacturing and EOE respectively during the same period.
In 2016, labour input witnessed an increase of 0.1%, compared to 1.3% in 2015; while GVA growth in 2016 was 3.5%, higher than the growth of 3.0% registered in 2015. Thus, labour productivity for the economy grew by 3.4% in 2016, higher than the 1.7% growth registered in 2015. Labour productivity for Manufacturing increased by 2.2% in 2016, higher than the growth of 0.6% in 2015. On the other hand, EOE witnessed a decrease of 5.1% in 2016 after that of 1.3% in 2015.
4. Capital input and capital productivity.
During the period 2007 to 2016, capital input grew at an average annual rate of 4.0% for the total economy whereas declines of 2.0% and 3.6% were recorded in Manufacturing and EOE respectively. However, because of low growth in output compared to capital input, capital productivity defined as the ratio of output to capital input, declined by 0.2% for the economy during the period 2007 to 2016. On the other hand, increases of 3.9% and 4.2% were registered in capital productivity of Manufacturing and EOE respectively.
Capital productivity for the economy increased by 1.1% in 2016 compared to 0.8% in 2015. That for Manufacturing increased by 3.7% in 2016 after an increase of 4.7% in 2015. EOE fell by 4.1% in 2016 after an increase of 0.3% in 2015.
5. Average compensation of employees and Unit Labour Cost (ULC)
From 2007 to 2016, average compensation of employees increased by an average of 5.5% annually for the whole economy and by 5.7% for Manufacturing and 6.6% for EOE. ULC defined as the remuneration of labour (compensation of employees) per unit of output, grew at an average annual rate of 2.9% for the total economy, 2.3% for Manufacturing and 3.5% for EOE, as a result of higher growths in average compensation of employees compared to labour productivity.
During the same period, due to depreciation of the rupee, ULC in Dollar terms, increased at an average annual rate of 1.4% for the total economy, 0.8% for Manufacturing and 2.0% for EOE.
In 2016, ULC (in rupees) for the economy rose further by 3.2% after an increase of 1.0% in 2015 while that of the manufacturing sector rose by 2.7% after a growth of 1.2% in 2015. In the EOE sector ULC registered an increase of 6.7% in 2016 after that of 5.3% in 2015. In Dollar terms, ULC in 2016 rose by 0.9% for the whole economy, 0.5% for Manufacturing and 4.4% for EOE.
